The mankind already lived many years 600 on this world. Be in endless in 6000000, the mankind obtained tremendous progress: Cognitive revolution makes people walks out of ignorance, enter the civilized period of rapid development; Agricultural revolution makes people casts off famine, began the life of autarky; Industrial Revolution makes people ended backward manpower period, the …… of mechanical power times that began indicative speed and science and technology is in evolution process of the mankind, the pestilential, famine, war disaster that once perplexed the mankind for long is solved one by one. But have a kind of natural disaster, the mankind is opposite to now it also is to be at a loss what to do. It is an earthquake.
人类在这个世界上已生活了600多万年。在漫长的六百万年里，人类取得了巨大的进步：认知革命使人们走出无知，步入快速发展的文明时代；农业革命使人们摆脱饥荒，开始了自给自足的生活；工业革命则使人们结束了落后的人力时代，开始了象征着速度和科技的机械动力时代……在人类的演化过程中，瘟疫、饥荒、战争等曾经长时间困扰人类的灾难都一一被解决。但有一种自然灾害，人类到现在对它也是束手无策。它就是地震。
First the earthquake is group of calamity. In the world, people comes seismic cent for 1 on the Richter scale 10 on the Richter scale. Above of 5 on the Richter scale is ruinous earthquake. Ruinous earthquake can make the construction inside an area is damaged badly, cause great menace to people's life and belongings. Although people had had an earthquake now preliminary calculate capacity, but subterranean cacophony and focus pass to wait for a variety of reasons greatly to make people is returned cannot make accurate forecast. According to not complete count, every year can 7000 people die in the earthquake, average every time the direct, indirect loss that the earthquake causes is as high as left and right sides of 6 billion dollar. The loss that the earthquake of above of 8 on the Richter scale causes is to be as high as left and right sides of 10 billion dollar more. Face so high belongings loss and harm, do we have method general loss the smallest change? The answer is affirmative. Shock-proof method is multifarious. I am shared with everybody below among them a few.
地震是群灾之首。在国际上，人们把地震分为里氏1级至里氏10级。里氏5级以上为破坏性地震。破坏性地震会使一个区域内的建筑严重受损，并对人民的生命与财产造成极大威胁。虽然现在人们已经具有了地震的初步预测能力，但地下杂音与震源过深等种种原因使人们还不能做出准确预报。据不完全统计，每年都会有7000人在地震中丧生，平均每次地震造成的直接、间接损失高达60亿美元左右。里氏8级以上的地震造成的损失更是高达100亿美元左右。面对这么高的财产损失和危害，我们有没有办法将损失最小化呢？答案是肯定的。防震的办法五花八门。下面我就和大家分享其中几条。
One, of the earthquake augural. Before the earthquake, a lot of animals can appear the palpitant phenomenon of different level. A few performance that raise a creature are most strong. The large animal such as pig, sheep, ox is meeting occurrence wallop, random the arch, case that makes in disorder. And the water in river, well also is met appear unusual. Wait e.g. clear chaotic, flavour, water quality produce apparent change. Often can accompany at the same time have roll, the phenomenon that float oil spends. Once discovery is unusual, answer to raise vigilance instantly, had made shock-proof preparation. Conditional word should report to relevant section.
一、地震的前兆。在地震前，许多动物都会出现不同程度的悸动现象。一些家养动物的表现最为强烈。猪、羊、牛等大型动物会出现乱窜、乱拱、乱叫的情况。并且河流、水井中的水也会出现异常。比如说清浊、味道、水质等发生明显的改变。同时往往会伴有翻滚、浮油花的现象。一旦发现异常，应立即提高警惕，做好防震准备。有条件的话应向相关部门报告。
2, when the earthquake take refugee means. When popularly earthquake wave reachs the floor, meeting cent is ” of “ transverse wave and ” of “ longitudinal wave. Longitudinal wave reachs the floor first than transverse wave. When longitudinal wave comes, the ground can appear the phenomenon with slight and bumpy fluctuation. This is to escape the ” of “ gold period of time of the composition. Once transverse wave comes over, the ground can be controlled acuteness shake, the person can produce swimmy move. From longitudinal wave arrival collapses to the building, around has 25 seconds left and right sides probably. Unless you are sure,can withdraw quickly so, had better not take a risk to flee for one's life otherwise, however nearby takes refugee.
二、地震时的避难方式。一般地震波抵达地面时，会分为“横波”与“纵波”。纵波比横波先到达地面。纵波来临时，地面会出现上下轻微颠簸的现象。这是逃离作文的“黄金时段”。一旦横波袭来，地面就会左右剧烈摇晃，人会产生眩晕感。从纵波到来至建筑倒塌，前后大概有25秒左右。所以除非你有把握能够迅速撤离，否则就最好不要冒险逃生，而是就近避难。
3, the note that flee for one's life. Flee for one's life must choose to be in of hollowness, be far from architectural place. If the upper part of the body Yo class is,break out an earthquake so, taking refugee on the playground is best choice. When reaching safe place, should crouch, both hands holds a head in the arms, fall stone, brick from headroom in case, create life risk.
三、逃生的注意事项。逃生必须选择在空旷的、远离建筑的地方。所以如果上体育课是突发地震，在操场上避难是最好的选择。到达安全地点时要蹲下，双手抱头，以防石头、砖块等从高空坠落，造成生命危险。
4, the note that nearby takes refugee. What we learn commonly take refugee knowledge is to hide below the table, both hands captures the leg of the table. But actually, this is full of prunes. Once collapse,wait because of the ceiling of superstratum, will the table direct fracture. So, the casualties rate of law of this one party is as high as 95 ％ above! So, right way is: Hide by of seat, make the body is in two objects as far as possible among. Such as a result of the object hold back, from above the head in breaking the object below with respect to very hard just in time. So the casualties rate of law of this one party is less than 3 ％ .
四、就近避难的注意事项。我们一般所学的避难知识是躲在桌子下，双手抓住桌子的腿。但其实，这是完全错误的。因为上层的天花板等一旦崩塌，将会把桌子直接压裂。所以，这一方法的伤亡率高达95％以上！所以，正确的做法是：躲在座椅的旁边，尽量使身体处于两个物体的中间。这样由于物体的阻挡，从上面砸下的物体就很难正好砸中头部。所以这一方法的伤亡率不到3％。
5, architectural attention. China is the state that an earthquake delivers more. So the ground picket of the building must very firm, rise to prevent the action of building cave in. Additional, the dangerous building such as nuclear power plant must be far from an earthquake to send an area more. E.g. the Japanese blessing island 2011 accident of leak of the first nuclear power plant, be located in Japan because of blessing island namely coastal, earthquake, seismic sea wave is sent more. On March 11, all round blessing island maritime space produced li of family name 9. 0 class earthquake. Shake the nuclear reactor that brings about the first nuclear power plant strongly to divulge. The radiate of generation and radioactivity gas diffused in air, cause hundred thousands of people urgent withdraw. So far, nuclear radiation is done not have not only abreaction, still distributinged whole Japan! This shows, appropriate structure is built in logical place, this also is very important.
五、建筑的注意。中国是一个地震多发的国家。所以楼房的地桩必须十分牢固，起到防止楼房塌陷的作用。另外，核电站等危险的建筑一定要远离地震多发区。比如说2011年的日本福岛第一核电站泄漏事故，就是因为福岛位于日本沿海，地震、海啸多发。3月11日，福岛周围海域发生了里氏9。0级地震。强烈的震动导致第一核电站的核反应堆泄露。产生的辐射与放射性气体扩散到了空气中，致使几十万民众紧急撤离。到目前为止，核辐射不仅没有消散，还分布到了整个日本！由此可见，在合理的地方建设合适的建筑，这也是非常重要的。
Actually, about shock-proof the method that decreases calamity still has a lot of. Although the earthquake is not reversible natural disaster, but want us to learn shock-proof knowledge more only, accumulate a few experience that save oneself more, such ability won't be panic-stricken when the earthquake comes, the loss that just can bring the earthquake falls lowest.
其实，关于防震减灾的方法还有很多。虽然地震是不可逆的自然灾害，但是只要我们多学习一点防震的知识，多积累一些自救的经验，这样才不会在地震来临时惊慌失措，才可以将地震带来的损失降到最低。(文/许晴)